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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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103089
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10308900.013
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1990-09-18
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MEDICINE, Page 77LifesaverA new drug may improve the odds for successful transplants
The 12,000 organ transplants performed in the U.S. each year
are often successful only because the patients take a daily dose
of cyclosporine. The drug keeps their immune systems from attacking
and rejecting the foreign organs. But it is not perfect. Some 70%
of patients getting a new liver, for example, still suffer
rejection episodes. And many organ recipients face life-threatening
side effects from cyclosporine, including an increased risk of
cancer and heart disease.
Now a respected researcher who was one of the first to use
cyclosporine may have found a better way to make transplants
succeed. Dr. Thomas Starzl of the University of Pittsburgh, the
world's largest transplant center, is expected to report in the
British journal Lancet this week that a new drug, FK-506, is
proving to be more powerful and less toxic than cyclosporine. In
more than 100 patients taking FK-506 for up to eight months, the
rate of organ rejection was only one-sixth as high as in those
using cyclosporine. Side effects were minimal, though long-term
consequences remain unknown. The Food and Drug Administration calls
the preliminary research "very exciting," but approval for general
use may be years away.
FK-506 works by suppressing the proliferation of certain white
blood cells, the workhorses of the immune system. Starzl thinks the
drug could signal a revolution in organ transplantation. Moreover,
it could possibly lead to a treatment for diseases, like arthritis,
that are caused by an overactive immune system.
Manufactured by Fujisawa Pharmaceutical of Osaka, FK-506 is
derived from a soil fungus found in Japan. Starzl first learned of
the drug in 1986 at a meeting in Helsinki. Other researchers had
dismissed it because in studies using dogs it caused severe
bleeding and other problems. But Starzl believed the reaction
occurred in dogs alone and undertook a graduated series of
experiments on several other animals, from rats to baboons. These
tests were encouraging, and in February 1989 Starzl tried the drug
on Robin Ford, a 26-year-old secretary who was in danger of
rejecting her third liver. After two weeks of FK-506 treatments,
she recovered completely. Says Ford: "It's incredible how great
this drug is."
But FK-506 will not remove the most serious hurdle to
transplants: the chronic shortage of donor organs. More than 18,000
Americans in need of transplants are waiting for organs to become
available.